Copper

Essential for

normal metabolism
healthy bones, joints, skin, blood vessels
a healthy nervous system
a healthy cardiovascular system
the formation of haemoglobin in red blood cells
a healthy immune system
its action as an antioxidant

Absorption and metabolism

Copper is absorbed in the stomach and small intestine.

Deficiency

Copper deficiency leads to anemia, connective tissue defects, immune suppression, nerve problems and heart disease.

Sources

Good sources include seafood, meat and whole grains. Copper is also obtained from water pipes and cookware.

Daily recommended dietary intakes

Safe and adequate daily intake is estimated to range from 1.5 to 3 mg.

Toxic effects of excess intake

Toxic effects include fatigue, irritability, vomiting, diarrhea, liver problems and abnormal mental function. High copper levels, especially when associated with low zinc levels, are implicated in several diseases including mental disorders, joint and muscle problems, premenstrual syndrome and high blood pressure.

Interactions

Zinc and copper interact in many body functions.

Therapeutic uses of supplements

Copper supplements have been used to treat heart disease and arthritis.

Copper
Copper health
Copper absorption
Copper deficiency
Copper sources
Copper recommended daily
Copper supplements
Copper overdose
Copper interactions

Other Minerals:

Boron
Calcium
Chromium
Cobalt
Copper
Electrolytes
Potassium
Sodium
Chloride
Fluoride
Iodine
Magnesium
Manganese
Molybdenum
Nickel
Phosphorus
Selenium
Silicon
Sulfur
Vanadium
Zinc