Soy isoflavones
Soy contains types of flavonoid compounds known as soy isoflavones. These are also referred to as phytoestrogens because they have both estrogenic and anti-estrogenic properties. When circulating levels of estrogens are high, such as in premenopausal women, soy isoflavones can bind to estrogen receptors and block action of the hormone. When estrogen levels are low, such as in postmenopausal women, phytoestrogens act estrogenically. Phytoestrogen compounds in soy include genistein and daidzein.
Evidence from molecular and cellular biology experiments, animal studies, and human clinical trials suggests that phytoestrogens may help to prevent cardiovascular disease, cancer, osteoporosis, and menopausal symptoms.
Epidemiological studies suggest that rates of these disorders are lower among populations that eat plant-based diets, particularly among cultures with diets that are traditionally high in soy products. Soybeans also contain other beneficial compounds including phytosterols, which have been shown to lower blood cholesterol, possibly by competing with cholesterol uptake.
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